Experiencia inicial en nuestro centro con la embolización preventiva de la arteria mesentérica inferior en el tratamiento endovascular de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal / Early experience with preventive embolization of the inferior mesenteric artery in the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms

Introducción: la endofuga de tipo II (EFT2) es la más frecuente tras la reparación endovascular de aneurismas de aorta abdominal (EVAR). Objetivos: analizar la presencia de endofugas de tipo II durante el seguimiento, la regresión del saco aneurismático, la tasa de reintervención debido a EFT2, el análisis de los resultados en nuestra serie de casos tratados con embolización de la AMI antes del implante de la endoprótesis aórtica como método útil para disminuir las EFT2 durante el seguimiento. Material y métodos: análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes tratados en nuestro centro con embolización de la AMI previa al EVAR en el periodo 2019-2021. Los criterios utilizados para la embolización de la AMI fueron: diámetro > 3 mm y AL con diámetro > 2 mm o aneurismas aortoilíacos. Se incluyeron 7 pacientes varones (edad media: 72,1 años). El 42 % presentaba aneurismas aortoilíacos. En dos casos se llevó a cabo la embolización de la AMI en un primer tiempo y posteriormente el EVAR; en los restantes se realizó en el mismo procedimiento. El diámetro medio de la AMI fue 5,02 ± 0,9 mm. Todos los pacientes presentaban, al menos, dos AL enfrentadas al origen de la AMI con un diámetro > 2 mm. Resultados: el éxito técnico fue del 100 %. La mediana de seguimiento, 20,7 meses. En los angio TAC al mes y a los 12 meses se objetivó una correcta embolización de la AMI. No hubo fugas de tipo II durante el seguimiento. En todos los casos se visualizó una disminución en el diámetro del saco aneurismático (mediana de regresión: 5,08 mm). No hubo reintervenciones relacionadas con la patología aórtica. Conclusiones: la embolización de la AMI previa al EVAR en pacientes con un diámetro > 3 mm y al menos dos AL con diámetro > 2 mm o aneurismas aortoilíacos parece proteger frente al desarrollo de EFT2 a los 12 meses, a la espera de poder confirmar los resultados a medio y largo plazo. Alto éxito técnico y aceptable regresión del saco aneurismático.(AU)

Introduction: type II endoleak (T2EL), through the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) or lumbar arteries (LA), is themost common endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Objectives: the primary endpoint was the presence of type II endoleak at follow-up. Secondary endpoints includedaneurysm sac regression and reoperation rate due to T2EL, as well as the analysis of the results in our series of casestreated with IMA embolization prior to the endovascular procedure as a useful method to reduce T2EL at follow-up. Material and methods: this was a retrospective analysis of patients treated at our unit with IMA embolizationprior to EVAR from 2019 through 2021. The criteria used for IMA embolization were IMA diameter > 3 mm, presenceof LA with a diameter > 2 mm, or aortoiliac aneurysms. A total of 7 male patients were included with a mean age of72.1 years. A total of 42 % had aortoiliac aneurysms. In 2 of the cases, IMA embolization was performed initiallyfollowed by EVAR while in the remaining cases it was performed within the same procedure. The mean diameterof IMA was 5.02 mm ± 0.9 mm. All patients had at least 2 LAs facing the origin of the IMA with a diameter > 2 mm.Results: technical success was 100 %. The median follow-up was 20.7 months. In the CCTA performed 1 monthand 12 months postoperatively, correct IMA embolization was observed. There were no type II leaks at follow-up.In all cases, a decrease in the diameter of the aneurysmal sac was observed with a mean regression of 5.08 mm. There were no subsequent reinterventions associated with aortic valve disease. Conclusions: IMA embolization prior to EVAR in patients with a diameters > 3 mm and the presence of at least2 ALs with diameters > 2 mm and/or aortoiliac aneurysms seems to protect against the development of T2EL at12 months, waiting to be able to confirm the results in the mid- and long-term...(AU)

Resultados de cirugía de aneurisma abdominotorácico abierto mediante circulación extracorpórea parcial izquierda en un centro de bajo volumen / Results of open thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair with left partial cardiopulmonary bypass in a low-volume center

Introducción: la reparación abierta del aneurisma de aorta abdominotorácica (AATA) es técnicamente un reto, tanto desde el punto de vista quirúrgico como circulatorio, y en consecuencia conlleva un riesgo significativo de morbilidad y mortalidad operatorias. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los resultados y las complicaciones de este tipo de intervenciones en nuestro centro. Métodos: se recogieron los antecedentes, los datos intraoperatorios y las complicaciones posoperatorias de pacientes tratados de aneurisma abdominotorácico abierto en un periodo de 15 años. Resultados: entre enero de 2005 y diciembre de 2019 se intervinieron un total de 27 pacientes por aneurisma abdominotorácico. 25 pacientes presentaban aneurisma y 2, disección crónica. 5 pacientes ya tenían realizada una cirugía aórtica previa: 2 fueron tratados de AAA mediante bypass aortoaórtico y aortobiilíaco, 2 pacientes por disección aórtica de tipo I mediante sustitución del arco aórtico y 1 por aneurisma de aorta torácica en el que se realizó TEVAR y bypass carótido-carotídeo y carótido-subclavio. La edad media fue de 66,5 ± 7,77 años y el 21 % fueron mujeres. En cuanto a la clasificación de Crawford de los aneurismas abdominotorácicos, 1 era del tipo I, 7 del tipo II, 9 del tipo III, 9 del tipo IV y 1 del tipo V. 23 intervenciones fueron de manera programada y 4, urgentes. Los AATA de tipo I, II, III y V se trataron mediante circulación extracorpórea parcial izquierda. La mortalidad total fue del 14,81 % y la programada, del 8,69 %. La incidencia de paraparesia posquirúrgica fue del 7,4 %. No hubo casos de paraplejia ni de ictus. La incidencia de infarto agudo de miocardio fue del 7,4 % y la de complicaciones respiratorias, del 48 %. La incidencia de insuficiencia renal aguda fue del 29,6 %. 5 de estos 8 pacientes requirieron hemodiálisis temporal.(AU)

Introduction: open TAA repair is technically challenging, both from a surgical and circulatory point of view, and consequently carries a significant risk of operative morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to analyze results and complications of this type of intervention in our center. Methods: demographic characteristics, intraoperative data and postoperative complications of patients who underwent open thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair were collected between January 2005 and December 2019 in our center. Results: a total of 27 patients underwent thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery. 25 patients had aortic aneurysm and 2 chronic dissection. 5 patients had already undergone previous aortic intervention. The mean age was 66.5 ± 7,77 and 21% were women. Regarding Crawford's classification of thoracoabdominal aneurysms, there were 1 Type I, 7 Type II, 9 Type III, 9 Type IV, and 1 Type V. 23 patients were treated electively and 4 urgently. Types I, II, III, and V TAAA were treated with left partial cardiopulmonary bypass. Total mortality was 14.81 % and elective mortality was 8.69 %. The incidence of postsurgical paraparesis was 7.4 %. There were no cases of paraplegia or stroke. The incidence of acute myocardial infarction was 7.4 % and of pulmonary complications 48 %. The incidence of acute renal failure was 29.6 %. 5 of these eight patients required temporary hemodialysis. 1 patient presented postoperative visceral ischemia requiring left hemicolectomy. The median intensive care unit length of stay was 4 days and median hospital length of stay was 16 days. Conclusions: despite the complexity of open thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery and the significant risk of complications, surgical repair with left partial cardiopulmonary bypass can be performed with acceptable results in a low-volume center.(AU)

Precision and reproducibility of non-automatic measurement of the QRS complex in potential candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy.

BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of QRS complex duration (QRSd) remains crucial for the selection of patients for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, assessment of QRSd on conventional surface electrocardiograms (ECG), especially when performed without computer assistance, may be challenging due to the limited accuracy of the human eye to discriminate differences in the range of 10 ms at 25 mm/s. The value and reproducibility of visual assessment of QRSd at 25 mm/s on conventional ECGs was compared to those obtained using an electrophysiology recording system (EPRS) with simultaneous 12 lead traces at 100 mm/s, which was considered the gold standard. METHODS: The ECGs of 102 consecutive patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing electrophysiological evaluation were collected. Two sets of measurements were obtained: 1) QRSd-25 measured on conventional 12-lead ECGs printed at 25 mm/s with standard amplification (10 mm/mV) by 4 different observers, and 2) QRSd-100 measured on simultaneous 12-lead traces at 100 mm/s and 40 mm/mV by 2 different observers using electronic callipers. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between QRSd-100 and QRSd-25 measurements (19.3 ±â€¯9.9 ms, range 1.0-47.5, p < 0.001). QRSd-25 showed significant inter and intra-observer variability. When categorizing individual ECGs in three QRSd-25 subgroups (<120 ms, 120-149 ms and ≥150 ms), low concordance was observed between both techniques (kappa index 0.25, p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of QRSd-25 to detect QRSd-100 ≥ 150 ms was 36.6% and 100.0% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Visual measurement of QRSd at 25 mm/s often underestimates its magnitude and presents significant inter and intraobserver variability.